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Freedom

Isaiah Berlin describes what he believes are the two main forms of freedom in his essay, Two Concepts of Liberty. Those two types of freedom are positive freedom and negative liberty. Berlin’s idea of positive freedom is essentially being in total control of yourself and all your decisions at all times. Berlin’s concept of negative liberty is going about your life without the interference of others. The point is that if you are prevented by someone from doing something you would be able to do otherwise, it prevents you from being completely free.

Orlando Patterson describes what he believes are the three basic forms of freedom in his book, Freedom. These three forms are personal freedom, sovereignal freedom, and civic freedom. At its core, personal freedom is doing what you want without stepping on the rights of other people. Unlike personal freedom, sovereignal freedom does not require the person to think about anyone else when they make decisions. This type of freedom is often used by dictators, or people with immense power, to make sure they get what they want. The last kind of freedom, civic freedom is the ability to participate fully in the local community and government. This final form of freedom is something that we as Americans take for granted. Having the right to vote is a massive form of civic freedom, yet many capable adults don’t participate in the elections.

Forms of Freedom
Freedoms before and after the revolution

January Suchodolski, Bitwa na San Domingo, Public domain

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Battle_for_Palm_Tree_Hill.jpg

Sources

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“Dédé Mwen Kalé - Haitian slave song - (1962).” YouTube, YouTube, 28 July 2016, www.youtube.com/watch?v=WE7RzpzNSUU.

 

Fagg, John E. “Toussaint Louverture.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., 6 Feb. 2017, www.britannica.com/biography/Toussaint-Louverture.

 

"Haitian Revolution." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, edited by William A. Darity, Jr., 2nd ed., vol. 3, Macmillan Reference USA, 2008, pp. 406-408. World History in Context, ezproxy.butler.edu/login?url=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX3045300985/WHIC?u=butleru&xid=0d68d29f. Accessed 24 Oct. 2017.

 

The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. “Charles Leclerc.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., 9 Aug. 2010, www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Leclerc.

 

The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. “Jean-Jacques Dessalines.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., 18 Dec. 2014, www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Jacques-Dessalines.

 

"The Haitian Revolution Begins." History of Haiti , Brown's Department of Africana Studies. WorldCat, library.brown.edu/haitihistory/5.html. Accessed 21 Oct. 2017.

 

Berlin, Isaiah. “Two Concepts of Liberty” Parts 1-3 and 7. In The Proper Study of Mankind: An Anthology of Essays, edited by Henry Hardy and Roger Hausheer, 2-13, 26-29. Straus and Giroux, 1998.

 

Patterson, Orlando. “Preface,” “Introduction,” and “Coda.” In Freedom in the Making of Western Culture, ix-xvi, 1-5, and 402-406. 1991.

 

Haggerty, Richard A. Dominican Republic and Haiti: country studies. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1991.

 

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